Ghohroud Dam or Abbasi Dam
To control the dam’s water pressure, Iranian dam builders built towers with stone and mortar from the bottom of the river to the upper end, which at certain distances from the height of the tower with horizontal holes connected to the dam’s reservoir, and inside the tower with stairs. The snail-shaped snails could be easily reached to the bottom of the river, and the straps could open and close the holes from inside the dam as needed. However, in the Qamsar Dam, the difference and privilege is that instead of one tower, which was common to all the old dams in Iran, two towers were built at a distance from each other, and this is the biggest architectural secret of this dam, which has been built for centuries. Iran has been used and exploited for a long time and more than other old dams.
The dam is built twelve kilometers southeast of Qahroud village in the middle of a deep valley that separates the two mountain ranges a short distance from each other with stone and mortar. Its wall is 36 yards long and 20 yards wide from the bottom of the valley. The plan and construction of this dam is also the remains of Qamsar Dam. The front wall and its catchment are built vertically, but the wall behind the dam has a steep slope. In the middle of the wall, wells have been made in the form of two pipes inside each other, and around the inner pipe with a string of stairs, it is connected to the bottom of the dam with a tunnel where a dam and a water dam have been built. They are installed inside the tunnel to prevent architectural secret .

In his travelogue, Lord Curzon of England, who observed the Qohroud Dam in the early 20th century, considers it to be the most important and interesting civil work in Iran and says:
Of the settlements of Abadi and the actions of the recent sultans of Iran, only the Qohroud Dam (Kuh-e Rud) remains, which was carried out by the order of Shah Abbas Kabir and is still in use. Nothing significant can be found across Iran anymore.

Then, the Safavid Shah built a new garden at the outlet of this dam, which is on the outskirts of Kashan, with new buildings, which is why it was called Safi Abad. In the middle of the last century, there were gradual damages in the dam, which were repaired and restored during the reign of Mohammad Shah Qajar by Bahman Mirza Baha’u'llah, the ruler of Kashan at that time.

But the current situation is chaotic: the building is safe and sound. The volume of the main catchment tank is estimated at 460,000 cubic meters, part of which is filled with mud, silt and sand.
Ghahroud village is located 40 km from Kashan and in the middle of the high mountains of Karkas in Khosh-e-Ab-e-Ab weather areas. The village is bordered on the north by the city of Qamsar, on the southwest by Kamo and Rachqadeh, on the east by the village of Abyaneh, and on the northwest by the village of Qazaan. Ghahroud has very cold winters and cool summers or pleasant weather. This beautiful village, in addition to having pristine natural attractions and valuable cargo due to its location on the north-south route of the country and warm-hearted and hospitable people, has always been considered by tourists and foreign envoys and has described Qaohroud in its travelogues.

Qohroud (Kashan)
population:
Total population: 736 people
Number of households: 292
Number of women: 355 people
Number of men: 381

Average population per household: 2.5 people

Economy and jobs:
According to the latest information obtained from 736 people in the village population in 2006, 278 people were equal to 37.8 percent of the employed, which we examine the employees in different economic sectors.
• Agriculture
Accordingly, 94 farmers are employed in this village, which includes 33.8% of the total employees of the village.
Accordingly, in addition to agricultural work, the villagers raise livestock in the traditional way, so that there are 15 farmers in the village.


tourism:

• Kaleh Mosque and Ali Mosque (Imam Sajjad period)
This mosque has a large entrance and inlaid carvings with inscriptions and intertwined tablets on which Kufic and third lines and copies of verses from the Qur’an have been engraved.
This door and the inscriptions around it are the oldest historical works that have been left intact in Kashan.
The walls around this plateau and the gate are also decorated with six-pointed star tiles with Quranic verses written in the margins. Also, the altar of the mosque is covered with the same type of tile and the date 736 is read on the tile slab above it. Another historical monument of Qohroud Shah Abbasi Caravanserai is where it remained in its original form with a few changes and its rooms are used.
In the coming days, the rest of the historical monuments of this beautiful village will be introduced.

One of the most beautiful and interesting historical places in the city of Natanz is the mausoleum, which is located above one of the Karkas mountain ranges in the southwest of Natanz city, which can be seen from a small building with a few openings.

The building, known as the Hawk Dome(Baz Dome), is so famous that it includes the mountain on which the dome was built and turned it into the famous Hawk Dome Mountain.

There is a certain way to climb a mountain and reach the dome that has recently been marked by a resident of Natanz so that those who want to see it do not get lost.

This legendary building, which can be seen from a distance from the porch and in other words to the depths of the desert, has the following characteristics and an amazing history.

Architectural points of the building

This building is a gem in the treasure of Iranian architectural arts, it is a land and a star in the sky, the works of the beautiful arts of this country that have been seen so far. 

Gonbad Baz is one of the masterpieces of Iranian architectural art and its designer excelled in his work and was very skilled in technical calculation and extremely tasteful in decorative matters.

The rafters, which have been selected to be of high architectural proportions, have the best earthquake-resistant form and have survived the devastating earthquake and hurricanes of Mount Vulture. It saved or saved more.

The construction of this very delicate building with perfectly balanced and appropriate dimensions in a very limited area, despite a very difficult way, is truly one of the artistic wonders, and it is really interesting that this building is 8 ‌ rectangular with a diameter of 9 meters and even a yard. There is no smoothness, and a number of pedestals are built on the lower boulders so that it is virtually impossible to pass around them.

Inside one of the pedestals, the staircase connects the lower part to the upper porch, and this porch is calculated and constructed as a strong belt against the pressures created by the weight of the dome.

From this porch, you can observe and observe the surrounding horizons for miles.

The invention and construction of a porch in this building is a masterpiece of art in this building and is in accordance with the famous architectural principle that a mandatory and used unit while fulfilling its main purpose, when it reaches its full potential to increase the beauty of the building and increase its resistance.

Historical background of Hawk dome

There are several popular stories about the construction of this dome and its name, and over time, their mythical aspect has surpassed the truth.

In the book of the life of Shah Abbas I, written by Nasrullah Filsafi, it is mentioned that Shah Abbas went to Gilan, Mazandaran, Gorgan and Khorasan to hunt more birds and to hunt birds around Isfahan and Kashan such as Lenjan and Natanz.

The king was very fond of birds of prey, and birds of prey were mostly hunted by game hunters, and every year the governors of the provinces sent him many hunting hunts from everywhere.

Sometimes his special envoys from foreign countries such as Russia and Turkestan brought wild and agile hunting bazaars to Iran.

One of the hunting grounds of Shah Abbas was known as Baz Lavand because it was very agile and clever.

Shah Abbas Safavid liked this Hawk more than any other Hawk, and by chance, in 1001 AH, when he was on his way from Isfahan to Qazvin, Hawk Lund died near the town of Qasbeh Natanz, and the Shah ordered him to return because of his great interest. A tower was erected over the mountain to commemorate it, and the tower, which is still standing, is known as the Hawk Dome.

It should be noted that the author of the book of the life of Shah Abbas I has brought the subject of Hawk Lund from the book of paintings of the works of Zikr al-Akhyar Mahmoud Ibn Hedayatullah Afshteh of Natanzi, the great historian of the time of Shah Abbas.

The open hunting dome number 644 has been registered in the list of national monuments of the country on the 22nd of Farvardin 1346.

Imamzadeh Agha Ali Abbas and Prince Mohammad

 
At a distance of 8 km from Badrud city and 38 km northeast of Natanz city in the heart of the desert of the tomb and the threshold of two nobles from the lineage of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) named Imamzadeh Agha Ali Abbas and Imamzadeh Mohammad (PBUH) from the children of Imam Musa Kazem (PBUH) and the brothers of Hazrat Samen Al-Imam Ali Ibn Musa Al-Reza (PBUH) and Hazrat Masoumeh (PBUH); The desert, which used to be a place of habitation, has become a place of infallibility and purity for the lovers of the Ahl al-Bayt because of these two great dignitaries.

These two high-ranking Imamzadeh, together with Hazrat Shahcheragh (PBUH), who is buried in Shiraz and is considered by many Shiites and lovers of the House of Infallibility and Purity (PBUH), to meet his noble brother Imam Reza (PBUH). They came to Iran as can be seen in some old books. Incidentally,Imam Reza, a friend of the Ahl al-Bayt of Infallibility and Purity (PBUH), ruled Kashan and as soon as he learned of his arrival, he came to their service and took them all home and received them for seventeen days and nights. He stated that it is not in your best interest to go to Tus; Because Ma’mun Khalifa Abbasi is not credible in his speech, his words and deeds are based on the account of his royal policy, wait for the right news to arrive.

Inevitably, they stayed around Kashan and Fin for a while; Then they moved to Yazdlan village and from there they reached Badafshan village (modern Badrud). The rulers of these areas also had the honor of the presence of these two Imamzadehs. The princes also stayed in these areas for a few days, and a large crowd joined them.
On Wednesday, the seventh of Rabi al-Awal, the year two hundred and three AH, the news of the martyrdom of Hazrat Ali ibn Musa al-Reza (as) reached him. From this news, Gadaz took off his turbans, chased his mourners and rose in mourning. The people of those areas who served the Imamzadegan arrived and offered their condolences. Forty days have passed; Then they took them to the bathroom and took off their mourning clothes; After a short stop at Badafshan Castle, they decided to return to their homeland.

The hypocrites informed Ma’mun that the brothers of Imam Reza (as) had the will to leave, and that a large number of them had made a pact with them to come to Tus and avenge their brother’s blood. Ma’mun was terrified to hear such news and ordered an army to march on them; Wherever they find Sadat Alavi, especially the descendants of Prophet Musa ibn Ja’far (as), they will kill him.

According to the narration, the fourteenth day of Jamadi al-Awali was the year two hundred and three AH, when the Imamzadegan were migrating from their Bedouin village, when the army of the cruelty of the accursed Ma’mun came to him and surrounded them and besieged them. They besieged the nobles for several days and nights and forbade them and their companions from water and bread. Fire-breathing razors lined up in front of him and his companions; The sleeves of oppression were raised, the companions of Jihad were martyred one by one.
It is narrated that the two nobles escaped from their Bedouin village in the middle of the night so that they could save themselves from the army of Ma’mun and return to their homeland, because they walked a little. Annan disappeared from their sight and lost his way. When the morning blew and the world became clear, they found themselves behind the fence of their target castle. It was at this moment that these two nobles said: God willing, they will return.

The destiny of the Lord was such that they should be martyred with a hungry stomach and thirsty lips like their great ancestor Aba Abdullah Al-Hussein (PBUH). They shook hands and said goodbye. The crowds, unaware of God and not ashamed of God and the Prophet, surrounded them. The two infants of Haidar Karar’s baby attacked them like autumn winds and sent a large number of them to hell. They spent it, which surprised and disabled them, and in the end, they tried to separate the two nobles. Prince Mohammad (pbuh) attacked that congregation like a lion, destroying those miserable people by biting his fiery razor like his strange ancestor Imam Hussein (pbuh), and suddenly a cursed man came out of the ambush and struck a blow on his blessed shoulder. The Imam landed when he fell from his horse to the ground and fell on the sand of the desert. The army surrounded Nazanin’s body and tore her to pieces with a sword and a dagger and martyred her.

So all the allied armies attacked Imam Ali (as). Because he saw the work in this way, like his ancestor Haidar Safdar, he attacked those accursed people so that he would not be able to endure the persecution due to the large number of injuries on his body and excessive bleeding. So he fell from his horse to the ground. Those accursed people with swords, spears and daggers surrounded the body of the son of the Holy Prophet (PBUH); They tore it to pieces.

The bodies of the two imams were reportedly lying on the sands in the desert for several days and nights, and no one dared to bury them. Then the women of Khaledabad buried those holy bodies. When the men saw this, they became prejudiced and rushed to their aid, burying the two great dignitaries in a tomb that is now their luxurious court.

The blessed existence of these two shrines, which shine in this place like a jewel in the heart of a hot and dry desert, and is the cause of goodness, blessings and prosperity of this region and makes the hearts of its sincere people proud and bright, there is no doubt that it is attributed. They are to the seventh Imam, Hazrat Musa ibn Ja’far (as), and he has always been the place of revelation and revelation of habits and taking away vows and the center of answering prayers and healing of many patients. From very far and even foreign countries, in order to meet the needs and pilgrimage of these pure dynasties, the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) has left for this court with great pomp and need, and it seems that two people in one skin and two pure souls. In a holy body, in a shrine, they are embracing the earth.

﴿ Mr. Ali Abbas and Prince Mohammad at a glance ﴾
Name: Ali Abbas - Mohammad
Nickname: Aba Ayub - Aba Ishaq
Father: Imam Musa ibn Ja’far (as)
Mother: Umm Walad
Place of birth: Medina
Migration time to Iran: two hundred and two or three AH
Migration route: Medina, Kuwait, Basra, Ahvaz, Shiraz, Kashan, Badafshan
Martyrdom time: The fourteenth of Jamadi al-Awal, the year two hundred and three AH
Location: 38 km northwest of Natanz city center located in Badrud region

Torqrud Castle in Natanz

Torgh is a city in Natanz city of Isfahan province. The mountainous city of Torqrud has many ancient and historical monuments, such as the Parthian brick castle, which is more than 2200 years old. Torqrud Castle is one of the most beautiful and magnificent ancient buildings which, despite its historical background and , is one of the unknown monuments of Isfahan province. The castle is built on a large, long rock called the waist, and being located on this hill adds to the grandeur of this beautiful building; According to locals, the castle was inhabited until about twenty years ago.

The exact date of construction of this huge fort is not known, but cultural heritage experts date it to the Parthian period. The uniform and uniform engineering and architectural form, the integration of building materials and the external shape of the building, indicate a single architecture in the construction of this castle. Built on a large rock 8 to 12 meters high, the castle has more than 400 rooms, corridors and corridors in an area of ​​30,000 square meters. The castle, which has become a closed village due to its large size, is built on three floors, but in some places it can be increased up to five floors.

The castle consists of an east and west alley with a length of approximately forty meters, and it seems that the buildings of the castle and its corridor were modeled when the initial settlement of Torgh-e-Rood was built. The corridor of the castle, which is built of carcass stone, clay and mud, is covered in many parts and is located in the middle of the corridor, the stairs of the upper floors. Early on, the main corridor has no roof, which is a small square, and the water well of the castle can be seen in the corner. The well leads to the big aqueduct through the tunnel and supplies the water needed for the castle.

The castle has 440 rooms, all of which are made of clay, mud, and wooden beams, and most of them have been destroyed over time. The thick wall of the castle is made of carcass stone and only a few bricks are used around its entrance.

In the construction of this castle, two types of architecture can be seen. In the northern part, most of the houses have suitable stairs and relatively large rooms that are suitable for living and are built on the lower floor of the warehouse. In some places, there is a shelf for silo. Cereals and spices can be seen. In the southern part of the castle, most of the houses are small and the rooms look like warehouses or grain shops, and the whole set of rooms in this section is more like a big, nesting market.

The similar shape of the rooms, the divisions in the floor and basement of a part of the castle, and the large jars that used to be in the old, and some of which were up to one meter in diameter, indicate that the castle was at a time when Protection and storage of agricultural products and grains have been used.

The entrance gate of this castle is built on the western side and in the middle of a solid wall and a brick one meter wide, on which the guard room is located; The guard room is visible from the outside through a hole, and the guard can easily identify the person. The castle door is also made of solid stone with a hole in the top.

As mentioned, the residence of Qala-e -ban is located on the upper floor of the castle and the place of preparation for the fires needed to repel the enemy’s attack, and it was set on fire during the attack on the enemies. The castle also had watchtowers where gunmen used a wide field of view to guard the castle.

A well for emergency exit from the castle
In the last third of the castle, which is located on a flat surface, they have created a small square that divides the castle into two upper and lower parts. In the northeast corner of the square, there is a deep well dug in the heart of the rock, on which is a wooden well wheel; The well, which is carved in a special style with a rectangular plan, was probably used for emergency entry and exit from the castle. In fact, the well leads to a large room with an area of ​​approximately 20 square meters, which is dug into the heart of the rock; This room, which has an irregular shape, has large and small platforms, the use of which is not clear; It is still possible to enter this room from the east side of the castle.

Torqrud Castle, dowry for women in the region
Half of the owners of this large castle are women who have registered the houses of this great building as their dowry or dowry; It is also well-known among the people that the women of Torq have given up their dowry in the agreement of the letter on the condition of proper and proper maintenance and have entrusted this beautiful building to the Cultural Heritage Organization. In the past, each neighborhood was dedicated to a specific tribe, and various shops, bakery ovens, etc. in the castle grounds provided for the needs of the people for living.

Castle features
The existence of a well in the middle of the castle, along with the excavated tunnels that led to the various neighborhoods of Torq and the Grand Mosque, was used by the people when the enemies attacked, so that in such circumstances the people went to the tunnels and then to the castle. They delivered. The existence of such underground passages in the heart of its rocky hills is very important and noteworthy. Another feature is the two-story underground storage holes dug in the rock to hold the grain.
This castle is in the shape of Izadkhast castle and most likely, it was built at the same time as it, but it is smaller in terms of dimensions, and it is also in the same period as Bam citadel from the Parthian period. At present, the castle has been abandoned.

Tourist attractions Torqrud
The 1,400-year-old sycamore tree, the patriarchal mosque, Torgh Lake and Chahar Samun, and the Hani Bath, which are among the tourist attractions of Torq, are of interest to our compatriots.

The route of Torq Rud city
After passing the old road from Isfahan to Tehran, after old road from Isfahan to Tehran, on the way to the main road, 30 km from Natanz city, we reach Torqrud city on the edge of Karkas mountain range, which has a pleasant and mountainous climate. The city of Torgh Rud, along with the ancient catchment, is formed at the foot of the historic castle. Existence of beautiful areas such as lush gardens, Kesheh tourism model area, Yahya Abad, Abkesheh, Baghistan Bala and Baghistan Pa’in with unique features have added to the beauty of this city. The proximity of the city to the Karkas mountain range has caused a noticeable difference in temperature in each area of ​​the city, so that in one season, three other seasons can be seen in different areas along with this season, which is one of the interesting features of Torq Rud.